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Dynamic contribution of variable-speed wind energy conversion system in system frequency regulation

Yajvender Pal VERMA, Ashwani KUMAR

《能源前沿（英文）》 2012年 第6卷 第2期   页码 184-192 doi: 10.1007/s11708-012-0185-y

摘要： Frequency regulation in a generation mix having large wind power penetration is a critical issue, as wind units isolate from the grid during disturbances with advanced power electronics controllers and reduce equivalent system inertia. Thus, it is important that wind turbines also contribute to system frequency control. This paper examines the dynamic contribution of doubly fed induction generator (DFIG)-based wind turbine in system frequency regulation. The modified inertial support scheme is proposed which helps the DFIG to provide the short term transient active power support to the grid during transients and arrests the fall in frequency. The frequency deviation is considered by the controller to provide the inertial control. An additional reference power output is used which helps the DFIG to release kinetic energy stored in rotating masses of the turbine. The optimal speed control parameters have been used for the DFIG to increases its participation in frequency control. The simulations carried out in a two-area interconnected power system demonstrate the contribution of the DFIG in load frequency control.

关键词： doubly fed induction generator (DFIG)     load frequency control     inertial control     wind energy conversion system (WECS)    

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A novel method for reliability and risk evaluation of wind energy conversion systems considering wind

Seyed Mohsen MIRYOUSEFI AVAL,Amir AHADI,Hosein HAYATI

《能源前沿（英文）》 2016年 第10卷 第1期   页码 46-56 doi: 10.1007/s11708-015-0384-4

摘要： This paper investigates an analytical approach for the reliability modeling of doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) wind turbines. At present, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, wind speed and wind turbine generator outage have not been addressed simultaneously. In this paper, a novel methodology based on the Weibull-Markov method is proposed for evaluating the probabilistic reliability of the bulk electric power systems, including DFIG wind turbines, considering wind speed and wind turbine generator outage. The proposed model is presented in terms of appropriate wind speed modeling as well as capacity outage probability table (COPT), considering component failures of the wind turbine generators. Based on the proposed method, the COPT of the wind farm has been developed and utilized on the IEEE RBTS to estimate the well-known reliability and sensitive indices. The simulation results reveal the importance of inclusion of wind turbine generator outage as well as wind speed in the reliability assessment of the wind farms. Moreover, the proposed method reduces the complexity of using analytical methods and provides an accurate reliability model for the wind turbines. Furthermore, several case studies are considered to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method in practical applications.

关键词： doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG)     composite system adequacy assessment     wind speed correlation    

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control via feedback linearization and Lyapunov theory for permanent magnet synchronous generator-based windenergy conversion system

Ridha CHEIKH, Arezki MENACER, L. CHRIFI-ALAOUI, Said DRID

《能源前沿（英文）》 2020年 第14卷 第1期   页码 180-191 doi: 10.1007/s11708-018-0537-3

摘要： In this paper, the method for the nonlinear control design of a permanent magnet synchronous generator based-wind energy conversion system (WECS) is proposed in order to obtain robustness against disturbances and harvest a maximum power from a typical stochastic wind environment. The technique overcomes both the problem of nonlinearity and the uncertainty of the parameter compared to such classical control designs based on traditional control techniques. The method is based on the differential geometric feedback linearization technique (DGT) and the Lyapunov theory. The results obtained show the effectiveness and performance of the proposed approach.

关键词： permanent magnet synchronous generator     wind energy conversion system     stochastic     differential geometric     feedback linearization     maximum power point tracking     Lyapunov     robust control    

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Modeling and control of a permanent magnet synchronous generator dedicated to standalone wind energyconversion system

Louar FATEH,Ouari AHMED,Omeiri AMAR,Djellad ABDELHAK,Bouras LAKHDAR

《能源前沿（英文）》 2016年 第10卷 第2期   页码 155-163 doi: 10.1007/s11708-016-0410-1

摘要： The interest for the use of renewable energies has increased, because of the increasing concerns of the environmental problems. Among renewable energies, wind energy is now widely used. Wind turbines based on an asynchronous generator with a wound rotor present the inconvenience of requiring a system of rings and brooms and a multiplier, inferring significant costs of maintenance. To limit these inconveniences, certain manufacturers developed wind turbines based on synchronous machines with large number of pairs of poles coupled directly with the turbine, avoiding using the multiplier. If the generator is equipped with permanent magnets, the system of rings and brooms is eliminated. The control of the permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) can be affected with the implementation of various techniques of control. This paper presented a new approach mainly based on the control strategy of power production system based on the PMSG. In fact, a mathematical model that simulates the Matlab chain was established with the introduction of control techniques, such as direct control of the torque (DTC) to control the load side converter (LSC), the control of the speed of the turbine and the DC-bus voltage ensured by PI regulators. To show the performance of the correctors used, some simulation results of the system were presented and analyzed.

关键词： wind turbine     permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG)     converter     proportional-integral (PI)     control     direct control of the torque (DTC)     regulation    

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controller for control of active and reactive power in DFIG operating in a grid-connected variable speed windenergy conversion system

Azzouz TAMAARAT,Abdelhamid BENAKCHA

《能源前沿（英文）》 2014年 第8卷 第3期   页码 371-378 doi: 10.1007/s11708-014-0318-6

摘要： Due to several factors, wind energy becomes an essential type of electricity generation. The share of this type of energy in the network is becoming increasingly important. The objective of this work is to present the modeling and control strategy of a grid connected wind power generation scheme using a doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) driven by the rotor. This paper is to present the complete modeling and simulation of a wind turbine driven DFIG in the second mode of operating (the wind turbine pitch control is deactivated). It will introduce the vector control, which makes it possible to control independently the active and reactive power exchanged between the stator of the generator and the grid, based on vector control concept (with stator flux or voltage orientation) with classical PI controllers. Various simulation tests are conducted to observe the system behavior and evaluate the performance of the control for some optimization criteria (energy efficiency and the robustness of the control). It is also interesting to play on the quality of electric power by controlling the reactive power exchanged with the grid, which will facilitate making a local correction of power factor.

关键词： wind power     doubly fed induction generator (DFIG)     vector control     active power     reactive power     maximum power point tracking (MPPT)    

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Overview of condition monitoring and operation control of electric power conversion systems in direct-drivewind turbines under faults

Shoudao HUANG, Xuan WU, Xiao LIU, Jian GAO, Yunze HE

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2017年 第12卷 第3期   页码 281-302 doi: 10.1007/s11465-017-0442-1

摘要：

Electric power conversion system (EPCS), which consists of a generator and power converter, is one of the most important subsystems in a direct-drive wind turbine (DD-WT). However, this component accounts for the most failures (approximately 60% of the total number) in the entire DD-WT system according to statistical data. To improve the reliability of EPCSs and reduce the operation and maintenance cost of DD-WTs, numerous researchers have studied condition monitoring (CM) and fault diagnostics (FD). Numerous CM and FD techniques, which have respective advantages and disadvantages, have emerged. This paper provides an overview of the CM, FD, and operation control of EPCSs in DD-WTs under faults. After introducing the functional principle and structure of EPCS, this survey discusses the common failures in wind generators and power converters; briefly reviewed CM and FD methods and operation control of these generators and power converters under faults; and discussed the grid voltage faults related to EPCSs in DD-WTs. These theories and their related technical concepts are systematically discussed. Finally, predicted development trends are presented. The paper provides a valuable reference for developing service quality evaluation methods and fault operation control systems to achieve high-performance and high-intelligence DD-WTs.

关键词： direct-drive wind turbine     electric power conversion system     condition monitoring     fault diagnosis     operation control under faults     fault tolerance    

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Multi-objective design optimization of a large-scale direct-drive permanent magnet generator for windenergy conversion systems

Arash Hasssanpour ISFAHANI,Amirhossein Haji-Seyed BOROUJERDI,Saeed HASANZADEH

《能源前沿（英文）》 2014年 第8卷 第2期   页码 182-191 doi: 10.1007/s11708-014-0320-z

摘要： This paper presents a simultaneous multi-objective optimization of a direct-drive permanent magnet synchronous generator and a three-blade horizontal-axis wind turbine for a large scale wind energy conversion system. Analytical models of the generator and the turbine are used along with the cost model for optimization. Three important characteristics of the system i.e.,the total cost of the generator and blades, the annual energy output and the total mass of generator and blades are chosen as objective functions for a multi-objective optimization. Genetic algorithm (GA) is then employed to optimize the value of eight design parameters including seven generator parameters and a turbine parameter resulting in a set of optimal solutions. Four optimal solutions are then selected by applying some practical restrictions on the front. One of these optimal designs is chosen for finite element verification. A circuit-fed coupled time stepping finite element method is then performed to evaluate the no-load and the full load performance analysis of the system including the generator, a rectifier and a resistive load. The results obtained by the finite element analysis (FEA) verify the accuracy of the analytical model and the proposed method.

关键词： permanent magnet synchronous generator     wind turbine     direct-drive     multi-objective optimization     cost     mass     annual energy output     finite element analysis (FEA)    

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Framework design of a hybrid energy system by combining wind farm with small gas turbine power plants

Nengsheng BAO, Weidou NI,

《能源前沿（英文）》 2010年 第4卷 第2期   页码 205-210 doi: 10.1007/s11708-009-0073-2

摘要： Owing to the stochastic characteristic of natural wind speed, the output fluctuation of wind farm has a negative impact on power grid when a large-scale wind farm is connected to a power grid. It is very difficult to overcome this impact only by wind farm itself. A novel power system called wind-gas turbine hybrid energy system was discussed, and the framework design of this hybrid energy system was presented in detail in this paper. The hybrid energy system combines wind farm with several small gas turbine power plants to form an integrated power station to provide a relatively firm output power. The small gas turbine power plant has such special advantages as fast start-up, shutdown, and quick load regulation to fit the requirement of the hybrid energy system. Therefore, the hybrid energy system uses the output from the small gas turbine power plants to compensate for the output fluctuation from the wind farm for the firm output from the whole power system. To put this hybrid energy system into practice, the framework must be designed first. The capacity of the wind farm is chosen according to the capacity and units of small gas turbine power plants, load requirement from power grid, and local wind energy resource distribution. Finally, a framework design case of hybrid energy system was suggested according to typical wind energy resource in Xinjiang Autonomous Region in China.

关键词： framework design     hybrid energy system     wind farm     gas turbine power plants    

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optimization based sensorless maximum power point tracking strategy and internal model controller for wind

Ali EL YAAKOUBI,Kamal ATTARI,Adel ASSELMAN,Abdelouahed DJEBLI

《能源前沿（英文）》 2019年 第13卷 第4期   页码 742-756 doi: 10.1007/s11708-017-0462-x

摘要： Under the trends to using renewable energy sources as alternatives to the traditional ones, it is important to contribute to the fast growing development of these sources by using powerful soft computing methods. In this context, this paper introduces a novel structure to optimize and control the energy produced from a variable speed wind turbine which is based on a squirrel cage induction generator (SCIG) and connected to the grid. The optimization strategy of the harvested power from the wind is realized by a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm based on fuzzy logic, and the control strategy of the generator is implemented by means of an internal model (IM) controller. Three IM controllers are incorporated in the vector control technique, as an alternative to the proportional integral (PI) controller, to implement the proposed optimization strategy. The MPPT in conjunction with the IM controller is proposed as an alternative to the traditional tip speed ratio (TSR) technique, to avoid any disturbance such as wind speed measurement and wind turbine (WT) characteristic uncertainties. Based on the simulation results of a six KW-WECS model in Matlab/Simulink, the presented control system topology is reliable and keeps the system operation around the desired response.

关键词： power optimization     wind energy conversion system     maximum power point tracking (MPPT)     fuzzy logic     internal model (IM) controller    

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非并网风电单台风机日产万吨海水淡化系统研究

施建中

《中国工程科学》 2015年 第17卷 第3期   页码 35-40

摘要：

为了缓解我国淡水缺乏的现状，将海水进行淡化成了一个主要的研究方向。针对传统海水淡化方法属高耗能产业，并且使用常规能源，对环境易造成二次污染的缺陷，介绍了一种基于非并网多能源协同供电的海水淡化系统。该系统基于非并网风电原理，利用风、光、潮汐等绿色能源对海水淡化系统供电，提高了能源的利用效率，实现二氧化碳的零排放，具有很好的社会经济效益。本文设计并研发了一套单台风机日产万吨海水淡化系统，该系统利用1台2.5 MW风机对海水淡化系统供电，基于非并网风电理论，做到了风电高效、低成本、全部利用。

关键词： 非并网；风网互补；多能源协同；海水淡化；变频    

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Optimal operation of microgrid using hybrid differential evolution and harmony search algorithm

S. SURENDER REDDY,Jae Young PARK,Chan Mook JUNG

《能源前沿（英文）》 2016年 第10卷 第3期   页码 355-362 doi: 10.1007/s11708-016-0414-x

摘要： This paper proposes the generation scheduling approach for a microgrid comprised of conventional generators, wind energy generators, solar photovoltaic (PV) systems, battery storage, and electric vehicles. The electrical vehicles (EVs) play two different roles: as load demands during charging, and as storage units to supply energy to remaining load demands in the MG when they are plugged into the microgrid (MG). Wind and solar PV powers are intermittent in nature; hence by including the battery storage and EVs, the MG becomes more stable. Here, the total cost objective is minimized considering the cost of conventional generators, wind generators, solar PV systems and EVs. The proposed optimal scheduling problem is solved using the hybrid differential evolution and harmony search (hybrid DE-HS) algorithm including the wind energy generators and solar PV system along with the battery storage and EVs. Moreover, it requires the least investment.

关键词： battery storage     electric vehicles (EVs)     microgrid (MG)     optimal scheduling     solar photovoltaic (PV) system     wind energy conversion system    

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A comprehensive review of wind power based power system frequency regulation

《能源前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第5期   页码 611-634 doi: 10.1007/s11708-023-0876-6

摘要： Wind power (WP) is considered as one of the main renewable energy sources (RESs) for future low-carbon and high-cost-efficient power system. However, its low inertia characteristic may threaten the system frequency stability of the power system with a high penetration of WP generation. Thus, the capability of WP participating in the system frequency regulation has become a research hotspot. In this paper, the impact of WP on power system frequency stability is initially presented. In addition, various existing control strategies of WP participating in frequency regulation are reviewed from the wind turbine (WT) level to the wind farm (WF) level, and their performances are compared in terms of operating principles and practical applications. The pros and cons of each control strategy are also discussed. Moreover, the WP combing with energy storage system (ESS) for system frequency regulation is explored. Furthermore, the prospects, future challenges, and solutions of WP participating in power system frequency regulation are summarized.

关键词： frequency regulation strategies     wind turbine generators     grid-forming control     model predictive control     energy storage system    

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A genetic algorithm based improved optimal sizing strategy for solar-wind-battery hybrid system usingenergy filter algorithm

Aeidapu MAHESH, Kanwarjit Singh SANDHU

《能源前沿（英文）》 2020年 第14卷 第1期   页码 139-151 doi: 10.1007/s11708-017-0484-4

摘要： In this paper, the genetic algorithm (GA) is applied to optimize a grid connected solar photovoltaic (PV)-wind-battery hybrid system using a novel energy filter algorithm. The main objective of this paper is to minimize the total cost of the hybrid system, while maintaining its reliability. Along with the reliability constraint, some of the important parameters, such as full utilization of complementary nature of PV and wind systems, fluctuations of power injected into the grid and the battery’s state of charge (SOC), have also been considered for the effective sizing of the hybrid system. A novel energy filter algorithm for smoothing the power injected into the grid has been proposed. To validate the proposed method, a detailed case study has been conducted. The results of the case study for different cases, with and without employing the energy filter algorithm, have been presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed sizing strategy.

关键词： PV-wind-battery hybrid system     size optimization     genetic algorithm    

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Hydrogel photocatalysts for efficient energy conversion and environmental treatment

《能源前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第3期   页码 577-595 doi: 10.1007/s11708-021-0756-x

摘要： Photocatalysts have attracted great research interest owing to their excellent properties and potential for simultaneously addressing challenges related to energy needs and environmental pollution. Photocatalytic particles need to be in contact with their respective media to exhibit efficient photocatalytic performances. However, it is difficult to separate nanometer-sized photocatalytic materials from reaction media later, which may lead to secondary pollution and a poor recycling performance. Hydrogel photocatalysts with a three-dimensional (3D) network structures are promising support materials for photocatalysts based on features such as high specific surface areas and adsorption capacities and good environmental compatibility. In this review, hydrogel photocatalysts are classified into two different categories depending on their elemental composition and recent progresses in the methods for preparing hydrogel photocatalysts are summarized. Moreover, current applications of hydrogel photocatalysts in energy conversion and environmental remediation are reviewed. Furthermore, a comprehensive outlook and highlight future challenges in the development of hydrogel photocatalysts are presented.

关键词： hydrogel     photocatalysts     energy conversion     environmental treatment    

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A review on front end conversion in ocean wave energy converters

Nagulan SANTHOSH,Venkatesan BASKARAN,Arunachalam AMARKARTHIK

《能源前沿（英文）》 2015年 第9卷 第3期   页码 297-310 doi: 10.1007/s11708-015-0370-x

摘要： Harvesting the energy from ocean waves is one of the greatest attractions for energy engineers and scientists. Till date, plenty of methods have been adopted to harvest the energy from the ocean waves. However, due to technological and economical complexity, it is intricate to involve the majority of these energy harvesters in the real ocean environment. Effective utilization and sustainability of any wave energy harvester depend upon its adaptability in the irregular seasonal waves, situation capability in maximum energy extraction and finally fulfilling the economic barriers. In this paper, the front end energy conversions are reviewed in detail which is positioned in the first stage of the wave energy converter among other stages such as power take off (PTO) and electrical energy conversion. If the recent development of these front end energy conversion is well known then developing wave energy converter with economic and commercial viability is possible. The aim of this review is to provide information on front end energy conversion of a point absorber and emphasize the strategies and calamity to be considered in designing such kinds of devices to improve the energy harvesting competence. This will be useful to the engineers for speeding up the development of a matured point absorbing type wave energy converter.

关键词： wave energy converter     point absorbers     power take off (PTO)     front end energy conversion    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Dynamic contribution of variable-speed wind energy conversion system in system frequency regulation

Yajvender Pal VERMA, Ashwani KUMAR

期刊论文

A novel method for reliability and risk evaluation of wind energy conversion systems considering wind

Seyed Mohsen MIRYOUSEFI AVAL,Amir AHADI,Hosein HAYATI

期刊论文

control via feedback linearization and Lyapunov theory for permanent magnet synchronous generator-based windenergy conversion system

Ridha CHEIKH, Arezki MENACER, L. CHRIFI-ALAOUI, Said DRID

期刊论文

Modeling and control of a permanent magnet synchronous generator dedicated to standalone wind energyconversion system

Louar FATEH,Ouari AHMED,Omeiri AMAR,Djellad ABDELHAK,Bouras LAKHDAR

期刊论文

controller for control of active and reactive power in DFIG operating in a grid-connected variable speed windenergy conversion system

Azzouz TAMAARAT,Abdelhamid BENAKCHA

期刊论文

Overview of condition monitoring and operation control of electric power conversion systems in direct-drivewind turbines under faults

Shoudao HUANG, Xuan WU, Xiao LIU, Jian GAO, Yunze HE

期刊论文

Multi-objective design optimization of a large-scale direct-drive permanent magnet generator for windenergy conversion systems

Arash Hasssanpour ISFAHANI,Amirhossein Haji-Seyed BOROUJERDI,Saeed HASANZADEH

期刊论文

Framework design of a hybrid energy system by combining wind farm with small gas turbine power plants

Nengsheng BAO, Weidou NI,

期刊论文

optimization based sensorless maximum power point tracking strategy and internal model controller for wind

Ali EL YAAKOUBI,Kamal ATTARI,Adel ASSELMAN,Abdelouahed DJEBLI

期刊论文

非并网风电单台风机日产万吨海水淡化系统研究

施建中

期刊论文

Optimal operation of microgrid using hybrid differential evolution and harmony search algorithm

S. SURENDER REDDY,Jae Young PARK,Chan Mook JUNG

期刊论文

A comprehensive review of wind power based power system frequency regulation

期刊论文

A genetic algorithm based improved optimal sizing strategy for solar-wind-battery hybrid system usingenergy filter algorithm

Aeidapu MAHESH, Kanwarjit Singh SANDHU

期刊论文

Hydrogel photocatalysts for efficient energy conversion and environmental treatment

期刊论文

A review on front end conversion in ocean wave energy converters

Nagulan SANTHOSH,Venkatesan BASKARAN,Arunachalam AMARKARTHIK

期刊论文